Abstract
Perspective
Key words
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to The Journal of PainReferences
- Prescribing and self-administration of morphine in Hispanic and non Hispanic Caucasian patients treated with patient-controlled analgesia.J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2004; 18: 29-38
- Pain education for underserved minority cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial.J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22: 4918-4925
- Minority cancer patients and their providers: Pain management attitudes and practice.Cancer. 2000; 88: 1929-1938
- Cancer pain management among underserved minority outpatients: Perceived needs and barriers to optimal control.Cancer. 2002; 94: 2295-2304
- Is there a difference in the perception of symptoms between African Americans and whites with osteoarthritis?.J Rheumatol. 2003; 30: 1305-1310
- Arthritis symptoms as indicators of pain in older African Americans.Ethn Dis. 2003; 13: 513-520
- Intrarace differences among black and white Americans presenting for chronic pain management: The influence of age, physical health, and psychosocial factors.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 29-38
- Physical functioning in older blacks: An exploratory study identifying psychosocial and clinical predictors.J Natl Med Assoc. 2006; 98: 1114-1120
- Physician and patient factors influencing the treatment of low back pain.Pain. 1997; 73: 209-211
- Ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception.Pain. 1993; 52: 101-112
- Control, culture and chronic pain.Soc Sci Med. 1994; 39: 629-645
- Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer. SAGE Study Group: Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology.JAMA. 1998; 279: 1877-1882
- Race, ethnicity, and management of pain from long-bone fractures: A prospective study of two academic urban emergency departments.Acad Emerg Med. 2008; 15: 589-597
- No racial or ethnic disparity in treatment of long-bone fractures.Am J Emerg Med. 2008; 26: 270-274
- Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: Striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment.J Law Med Ethics. 2001; 29: 52-68
- Race and racism.Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK2001
- En las manos de Dios [in God's hands]: Religious and other forms of coping among Latinos with arthritis.J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004; 72: 91-102
- Health status disparities in ethnic minority patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study.J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 1475-1479
- van RM, Crowley-Matoka M, Malat J: Understanding the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in pain treatment: Insights from dual process models of stereotyping.Pain Med. 2006; 7: 119-134
- Ethnic differences in responses to multiple experimental pain stimuli.Pain. 2005; 113: 20-26
- Ethnic differences in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls.J Pain. 2008; 9: 759-766
- Ethnic differences in the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR).Pain. 2008; 134: 91-96
- Relationship of ethnicity, gender, and ambulatory blood pressure to pain sensitivity: Effects of individualized pain rating scales.J Pain. 2004; 5: 183-191
- Coping, pain severity, interference, and disability: The potential mediating and moderating roles of race and education.J Pain. 2006; 7: 459-468
- The relation of race to outcomes and the use of health care services for acute low back pain.Spine. 2003; 28: 390-394
- Racial differences in pain during 1 year among women with metastatic breast cancer: A hazards analysis of interval-censored data.Cancer. 2008; 112: 162-170
- Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and impact of doctor-diagnosed arthritis: United States, 2002.MMWR. 2005; 54: 119-123
Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities: Researching and reducing cancer-related health disparities. Available at http://crchd.cancer.gov/disparities/defined.html. Accessed March 1, 2009
- Variations in cutaneous and visceral pain sensitivity in normal subjects.J Clin Invest. 1944; 23: 81-91
- Racial differences in opioid use for chronic nonmalignant pain.J Gen Intern Med. 2005; 20: 593-598
- Interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care.Med Care Res Rev. 2007; 64: 7S-28S
- Ethnicity and prescription of analgesia in an accident and emergency department: Cross sectional study.BMJ. 2000; 320: 980-981
- Survival of Medicare patients after enrollment in hospice programs.N Engl J Med. 1996; 335: 172-178
- Pain and ethnicity in the United States: A systematic review.J Palliat Med. 2006; 9: 1454-1473
- Research in cancer pain: What we know and what we need to know.Cancer. 1991; 67: 823-827
- Pain and treatment of pain in minority patients with cancer: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Minority Outpatient Pain Study.Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127: 813-816
- Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer.N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 592-596
- Coping with toothache pain: A qualitative study of low-income persons and minorities.J Public Health Dent. 2007; 67: 28-35
- Family perspectives on the quality of pediatric palliative care.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002; 156: 14-19
- Palliative and end-of-life care in the African American community.JAMA. 2000; 284: 2518-2521
- Racial and ethnic differences in osteoarthritis: Prevalence, outcomes, and medical care.Ethn Dis. 2004; 14: 558-566
- Patterns of opioid analgesic prescription among patients with osteoarthritis.J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2004; 18: 31-46
- Racial/ethnic variations in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among patients with osteoarthritis.Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004; 13: 683-694
- Race, ethnicity and pain.Pain. 2001; 94: 133-137
- Ethnic differences in pain tolerance: Clinical implications in a chronic pain population.Psychosom Med. 2001; 63: 316-323
- Ethnic differences in thermal pain responses.Psychosom Med. 1999; 61: 346-354
- Ethnic similarities and differences in the chronic pain experience: A comparison of African American, Hispanic, and white patients.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 88-98
- Enhancing Cancer Pain Control among American Indians (ECPCAI): A study of the Ojibwe of Minnesota.J Cancer Educ. 1999; 14: 28-33
- Racial inequities in the timing of breast cancer detection, diagnosis, and initiation of treatment.Med Care. 2005; 43: 141-148
- Post-treatment symptoms among ethnic minority breast cancer survivors.Oncol Nurs Forum. 2005; 32: 250-256
- Racial and ethnic disparities in pain management in the United States.J Nurs Scholarsh. 2006; 38: 225-233
- Shifting place of death among children with complex chronic conditions in the United States, 1989-2003.JAMA. 2007; 297: 2725-2732
- Individual differences in pain responses.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005; 7: 342-347
- Genetic contributions to pain: A review of findings in humans.Oral Dis. 2008; 14: 673-682
- Inequalities in racial access to health care.JAMA. 2000; 284: 2053
- Lack of ethnic differences in end-of-life care in the Veterans Health Administration.Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2007; 24: 277-283
- Cultural leverage: Interventions using culture to narrow racial disparities in health care.Med Care Res Rev. 2007; 64: 243S-282S
- Palliative care in the inner city: Patient religious affiliation, underinsurance, and symptom attitude.Cancer. 2007; 109: 425-434
- Poverty, culture, and social injustice: Determinants of cancer disparities.CA Cancer J Clin. 2004; 54: 72-77
- Lack of association between patient ethnicity or race and fracture analgesia.Acad Emerg Med. 2002; 9: 910-915
- The association among neighborhood socioeconomic status, race and chronic pain in black and white older adults.J Natl Med Assoc. 2007; 99: 1160-1169
- Widespread pain and fibromyalgia in a biracial cohort of young women.J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 810-817
- The uninsured: Problems, solutions, and the role of academic medicine.Acad Med. 2006; 81: 798-801
- US emergency department visits for hip fracture, 1992-2000.Eur J Emerg Med. 2004; 11: 323-328
- Triggers of uncertainty about recurrence and long-term treatment side effects in older African American and Caucasian breast cancer survivors.Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004; 31: 633-639
- Racial variations in self-reported osteoarthritis symptom severity among veterans.Aging Clin Exp Res. 2005; 17: 264-269
- Why genes don't count (for racial differences in health).Am J Public Health. 2000; 90: 1699-1702
- The healthcare bubble through the lens of pain research, practice, and policy: Advice for the new President and Congress.J Pain. 2008; 9: 1071-1073
- The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain.Pain Med. 2003; 4: 277-294
- Patient attitudes regarding healthcare utilization and referral: A descriptive comparison in African- and Caucasian Americans with chronic pain.J Natl Med Assoc. 2004; 96: 31-42
- Race and chronic pain: A comparative study of young black and white Americans presenting for management.J Pain. 2003; 4: 176-183
- The effect of race in older adults presenting for chronic pain management: A comparative study of black and white Americans.J Pain. 2003; 4: 82-90
- Consistent and breakthrough pain in diverse advanced cancer patients: A longitudinal examination.J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009; 37: 831-847
- Race, age, and gender influences among clusters of African American and white patients with chronic pain.J Pain. 2004; 5: 171-182
- Differences in prescription opioid analgesic availability: Comparing minority and white pharmacies across Michigan.J Pain. 2005; 6: 689-699
- Clinical decision making in pain management: Contributions of physician and patient characteristics to variations in practice.J Pain. 2003; 4: 29-39
- Coping strategies of HIV patients with peripheral neuropathy.AIDS Care. 2005; 17: 711-720
- Emergency medicine education and health care disparities.Acad Emerg Med. 2003; 10: 1189-1192
- Racial and ethnic differences in end-of-life costs: Why do minorities cost more than whites?.Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169: 493-501
- Ethnic differences and responses to pain in healthy young adults.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 61-71
- Institute of Medicine, Committee on Cancer Research among Minorities and the Medically Underserved: The unequal burden of cancer: An assessment of NIH research and programs for ethnic minorities and the medically underserved.National Academy Press, Washington, DC1999
- Disparities in analgesia and opioid prescribing practices for patients with musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department.J Emerg Nurs. 2006; 32: 219-224
- Prevalence, treatment, and control of chest pain syndromes and associated risk factors in hypertensive patients.Am J Hypertens. 2005; 18: 1026-1032
- Ethnic differences in pain reports and the moderating role of depression in a community sample of Hispanic and Caucasian participants with serious health problems.Psychosom Med. 2006; 68: 121-128
- Pain assessment and treatment disparities: A virtual human technology investigation.Pain. 2009; 143: 106-113
- Parenteral analgesic and sedative use among ED patients in the United States: Combined results from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) 1992-1997.Am J Emerg Med. 2002; 20: 139-143
- Promoting Health in Multicultural Populations: A Handbook for Practitioners.Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, Calif1999
- The mountains hold things in: the use of community research review work groups to address cancer disparities in Appalachia.Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007; 34: 1133-1139
- Gender and ethnic differences in cancer pain experience: A multiethnic survey in the United States.Nurs Res. 2007; 56: 296-306
- African American cancer patients' pain experience.Cancer Nurs. 2008; 31: 38-46
- Ethnic variation in return to baseline values of patient-reported outcomes in older prostate cancer patients.Cancer. 2007; 109: 2229-2238
- Influence of race or ethnicity on pharmacokinetics of drugs.J Pharm Sci. 1997; 86: 1328-1333
- Predictability of the effects of race or ethnicity on pharmacokinetics of drugs.Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 38: 53-60
- The relationships of cognitive coping and pain control beliefs to pain and adjustment among African-American and Caucasian women with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Care Res. 1998; 11: 80-88
- Influence of culture on cancer pain management in Hispanic patients.Cancer Pract. 1998; 6: 262-269
- Cultural considerations in education for cancer pain management.J Cancer Educ. 1999; 14: 168-173
- Can patient coaching reduce racial/ethnic disparities in cancer pain control? Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Pain Med. 2007; 8: 17-24
- “Lost to follow-up”: Ethnic disparities in continuity of hospice care at the end of life.J Palliat Med. 2005; 8: 603-608
- Analgesia for emergency centers' orthopaedic patients: Does an ethnic bias exist?.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997; 334: 270-275
- Comparing racial and ethnic populations based on Healthy People 2010 objectives.Healthy People Stat Notes. 2008; : 1-16
- Realizing the promise of breast cancer screening: Clinical follow-up after abnormal screening among black women.Prev Med. 2003; 37: 92-101
- Genetic influence on variability in human acute experimental pain sensitivity associated with gender, ethnicity and psychological temperament.Pain. 2004; 109: 488-496
- Race and histories of mood disorders modulate experimental pain tolerance in women.J Pain. 2007; 8: 861-868
- Encouraging Vietnamese-American women to obtain Pap tests through lay health worker outreach and media education.J Gen Intern Med. 2003; 18: 516-524
- Race, ethnicity, insurance coverage, and preoperative status of hip and knee surgical patients.J Arthroplasty. 2004; 19: 978-985
- Ethnic and sex differences in response to clinical and induced pain in chronic spinal pain patients.Spine. 1984; 9: 751-754
- Perceptual other-race training reduces implicit racial bias.PLoS ONE. 2009; 4: e4215
- What accounts for differences or disparities in pediatric palliative and end-of-life care? A systematic review focusing on possible multilevel mechanisms.Pediatrics. 2008; 122: 574-582
- Social cognition: Categorical person perception.Br J Psychol 92 Part. 2001; 1: 239-255
- A comparison of blacks and whites seeking treatment for chronic pain.Clin J Pain. 2001; 17: 249-255
- Gender and ethnic stereotyping and narcotic analgesic administration.Res Nurs Health. 1994; 17: 45-49
- Core outcome domains and measures for pediatric acute and chronic/recurrent pain clinical trials: PedIMMPACT recommendations.J Pain. 2008; 9: 771-783
- The hidden error of mismanaged pain: A systems approach.J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004; 28: 47-58
- African Americans show alterations in endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms and reduced pain tolerance to experimental pain procedures.Psychosom Med. 2005; 67: 948-956
- The meanings of and attitudes about cancer pain among African Americans.Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007; 34: 1179-1186
- Preference for analgesic treatment for cancer pain among African Americans.J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007; 34: 136-147
- Patient and physician perceptions as risk factors for oligoanalgesia: A prospective observational study of the relief of pain in the emergency department.Acad Emerg Med. 2006; 13: 140-146
- Cancer and breakthrough pain's impact on a diverse population.Pain Med. 2009; 10: 549-561
- “We don't carry that”: Failure of pharmacies in predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics.N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1023-1026
National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization: NHPCO facts and figures. Available at: http://www.nhpco.org/files/public/Statistics_Research/NHPCO_facts_and_figures.pdf. Accessed March 1, 2009
National Institutes of Health: NIH policy on reporting race and ethnicity data. Available at: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html. Accessed March 15, 2009
- Factors affecting emergency department opioid administration to severely injured patients.Acad Emerg Med. 2004; 11: 1290-1296
- Meta-analysis of survival in African American and white American patients with breast cancer: Ethnicity compared with socioeconomic status.J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 1342-1349
- The effect of ethnicity on prescriptions for patient-controlled analgesia for post-operative pain.Pain. 1996; 66: 9-12
- Ethnic differences in analgesic consumption for postoperative pain.Psychosom Med. 1996; 58: 125-129
- Access to care for chronic pain: racial and ethnic differences.J Pain. 2005; 6: 301-314
- Migraine care among different ethnicities: Do disparities exist?.Headache. 2006; 46: 754-765
- Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity.Fed Reg. 1997; 62: 58781-58790
Otto M: For want of a dentist. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/27/AR2007022702116.html. Accessed May 15, 2009
- Cultural heritage: Cancer screening and early detection.Semin Oncol Nurs. 1994; 10: 104-113
- Racially based disparities in pain management: Something old, something new, but what to do?.Pain Med. 2009; 10: 432-434
- Quality of life concerns in patients with breast cancer: Evidence for disparity of outcomes and experiences in pain management and palliative care among African-American women.Cancer. 2003; 97: 311-317
- Disparities in the emergency department evaluation of chest pain patients.Acad Emerg Med. 2007; 14: 149-156
- Trends in opioid prescribing by race/ethnicity for patients seeking care in US emergency departments.JAMA. 2008; 299: 70-78
- Socioeconomic disadvantage and pain.Pain. 2008; 136: 235-238
- Population-based survey of pain in the United States: Differences among white, African American, and Hispanic subjects.J Pain. 2004; 5: 317-328
- Are racial disparities in ED analgesia improving? Evidence from a national database.Am J Emerg Med. 2008; 26: 462-464
- Ethnic differences in pain among outpatients with terminal and end-stage chronic illness.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 235-241
- Ethnic identity predicts experimental pain sensitivity in African Americans and Hispanics.Pain. 2007; 129: 177-184
- Conquering cancer disparities: New opportunities for cancer epidemiology, biomarker, and prevention research.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006; 15: 1569-1571
- Genetics, epidemiology, and cancer disparities: Is it black and white?.J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 2164-2169
- Hospice access and use by African Americans: Addressing cultural and institutional barriers through participatory action research.Soc Work. 1999; 44: 549-559
- Pain in aging community-dwelling adults in the United States: Non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics.J Pain. 2007; 8: 75-84
- Cytokine genes and pain severity in lung cancer: Exploring the influence of TNF-alpha-308 G/A IL6-174G/C and IL8-251T/A.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007; 16: 2745-2751
- Disparities in pain management between cognitively intact and cognitively impaired nursing home residents.J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008; 35: 388-396
- Acculturation and orofacial pain among Hispanic adults.J Pain. 2008; 9: 750-758
- Racial differences in orofacial pain.J Pain. 2002; 3: 284-291
- Orofacial pain: Racial and sex differences among older adults.J Public Health Dent. 2002; 62: 132-139
- Socioeconomic and demographic disparities in symptoms of orofacial pain.J Public Health Dent. 2003; 63: 166-173
- Racial/ethnic differences in the experience of chronic pain.Pain. 2002; 100: 291-298
- Genetic structure of human populations.Science. 2002; 298: 2381-2385
- Comparing the experiential and psychosocial dimensions of chronic pain in African Americans and Caucasians: Findings from a national community sample.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 49-60
- Racial and ethnic disparities in the provision of epidural analgesia to Georgia Medicaid beneficiaries during labor and delivery.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191: 456-462
- Racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of cancer treatment.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 334-357
- Racial/ethnic variation in clinical presentation, treatment, and survival among breast cancer patients under age 35.Cancer. 2003; 97: 134-147
- Racial/ethnic patterns of care for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, sinuses, and salivary glands.Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2003; 22: 25-38
- Race and sex differences in cutaneous pain perception.Psychosom Med. 2000; 62: 517-523
- Pain scores improve analgesic administration patterns for trauma patients in the emergency department.Acad Emerg Med. 2004; 11: 264-270
- National analgesia prescribing patterns in emergency department patients with burns.J Burn Care Rehabil. 2002; 23: 361-365
- The influence of income and race on total knee arthroplasty in the United States.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006; 88: 2159-2166
- Institute of Medicine, Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care.National Academy Press, Washington, DC2003
- Racial disparities in receipt of hip and knee joint replacements are not explained by need: The Health and Retirement Study 1998-2004.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008; 63: 629-634
- Management of occupational back injuries: Differences among African Americans and Caucasians.Pain. 2004; 112: 389-396
- Disability determination: Validity with occupational low back pain.J Pain. 2006; 7: 951-957
- The effect of race/ethnicity and desirable social characteristics on physicians' decisions to prescribe opioid analgesics.Acad Emerg Med. 2003; 10: 1239-1248
- Racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department analgesic prescription.Am J Public Health. 2003; 93: 2067-2073
- Ethnicity, control appraisal, coping, and adjustment to chronic pain among black and white Americans.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 18-28
- Differences in the work-up and treatment of conditions associated with low back pain by patient gender and ethnic background.Spine. 2005; 30: 359-364
- Ethnicity and analgesic practice.Ann Emerg Med. 2000; 35: 11-16
- The effect of ethnicity on physician estimates of pain severity in patients with isolated extremity trauma.JAMA. 1994; 271: 925-928
- Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia.JAMA. 1993; 269: 1537-1539
- Formation of morphine from codeine in Chinese subjects of different CYP2D6 genotypes.Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 60: 177-182
US Census Bureau: US Interim Projections by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 2000-2050. Available at: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/usinterimproj/. Accessed February 12, 2009
- Healthy people 2010. Understanding and improving health.US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD2000
- Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General.US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Rockville, MD2000
- Disparities between black and white patients with cancer pain: The effect of perception of control over pain.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 242-250
- Research on the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in medical care.Med Care. 2002; 40: I140-I151
- The use of conscious sedation for pain control during forearm fracture reduction in children: Does race matter?.J Pediatr Orthop. 2006; 26: 53-57
- Sociodemographic correlates of tooth pain among adults: United States, 1989.Pain. 2000; 85: 87-92
- Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management: A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 121-126
- Normative model for cold pressor test.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1989; 68: 6-11
- Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.CA Cancer J Clin. 2004; 54: 78-93
- Patient-related barriers to management of cancer pain.Pain. 1993; 52: 319-324
- Patient-related barriers to management of cancer pain in Puerto Rico.Pain. 1994; 58: 233-238
- The influence of experimenter gender and race on pain reporting: Does racial or gender concordance matter?.Pain Med. 2005; 6: 80-87
- Do gender and race affect decisions about pain management?.J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16: 211-217
- Race matters.Vintage, New York1994
- Moving upstream: how interventions that address the social determinants of health can improve health and reduce disparities.J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008; 14: S8-17
- The concept of race and health status in America.Public Health Rep. 1994; 109: 26-41
- The medicalization of race: Scientific legitimization of a flawed social construct.Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125: 675-679
- Assessment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis: minimal clinically significant difference, predictors, and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 1674-1683
- Pain tolerance: Differences according to age, sex and race.Psychosom Med. 1972; 34: 548-556
- Differences in clinical status measures in different ethnic/racial groups with early rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for interpretation of clinical trial data.J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 311-315
- Effect of ethnicity and race on the use of pain medications in children with long bone fractures in the emergency department.Ann Emerg Med. 2003; 42: 41-47
- Ethnic differences in response to morphine.Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993; 54: 507-513
Article info
Footnotes
Editor's Note: This article is the last in a series of invited Critical Review articles designed to celebrate The Journal of Pain's 10th year anniversary of publication.
Supported by American Cancer Society grant RSGT-05-219-01-CPPB.