Abstract
An aim of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement
Information System (PROMIS) initiative is to develop item banks and computerized adaptive
tests (CAT) that are applicable across a wide variety of chronic disorders. The PROMIS
Pediatric Cooperative Group has concentrated on the development of pediatric self-report
item banks for ages 8 through 17 years. The objective of the present study is to describe
the Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis of the NIH PROMIS pediatric pain item bank
and the measurement properties of the new unidimensional PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference
Scale. Test forms containing pediatric pain items were completed by a total of 3048
respondents. IRT analyses regarding scale dimensionality, item local dependence, and
differential item functioning were conducted. A pain item pool was developed to yield
scores on a T-score scale with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. The recommended 8-item
unidimensional short form for the PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference Scale contains
the item set which provides the maximum test information at the mean (50) on the T-score metric. A simulated CAT was computed that provides the most information at
5 possible score locations (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 on the T-score metric).
Perspective
The present study provides initial calibrations of the NIH PROMIS pediatric pain item
bank and the creation of the PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference Scale. It is anticipated
that this new scale will have application in pediatric chronic and recurrent pain.
Key words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to The Journal of PainAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Developing the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).Med Care. 2007; 45: S1-S2
- Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.J R Stat Soc. 1995; 57: 289-300
- IRTFIT: A Macro for Item Fit and Local Dependence Tests under IRT Models.QualityMetric Incorporated, Lincoln, RI2007
- The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap Cooperative Group during its first two years.Med Care. 2007; 45: S3-S11
- Evidence-based assessment of pediatric pain.J Pediatr Psychol. 2008; 33: 939-955
- Evaluation of item candidates: The PROMIS qualitative item review.Med Care. 2007; 45: S12-S21
- IRT from SSI.Scientific Software International, Lincolnwood, IL2003
- The impact of chronic pain on adolescents: A review of previously used measures.J Pediatr Psychol. 2006; 31: 684-697
- Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the parent report version of the Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire (BAPQ-P): A multidimensional parent report instrument to assess the impact of chronic pain on adolescents.Pain. 2007; 131: 48-56
- Item Response Theory for Psychologists.Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ2000
- Pain, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic pain.Clin J Pain. 2009; 25: 407-412
- The epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents.Pain. 1991; 46: 247-264
- Development and preliminary validation of the Child Activity Limitations Questionnaire: Flexible and efficient assessment of pain-related functional disability.J Pain. 2007; 8: 746-752
- Evaluation of an item bank for a computerized adaptive test of activity in children with cerebral palsy.Phys Ther. 2009; 89: 589-600
- Practical issues in the application of item response theory: A demonstration using items from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scales.Med Care. 2007; 45: S39-S47
- The severity of chronic pediatric pain: An epidemiological study.J Pain. 2008; 9: 226-236
- Cognitive interviewing methodology in the development of a pediatric item bank: A patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) study.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7: 1-10
- LISREL 8.5.Scientific Software International, Inc, Lincolwood, IL2003
- Item response theory detects differential item functioning between healthy and ill children in quality-of-life measures.J Clin Epidemiol. 2008; 61: 268-276
- The measurement of human pain.Endodonics Dental Traumatol. 1986; 2: 124-129
- Pain in children: Nature, assessment, and treatment.Guilford, New York1990
- The clinical measurement of pain in children: A review.Clin J Pain. 1986; 1: 221-227
- Core outcome domains and measures for pediatric acute and chronic/recurrent pain clinical trials: PedIMMPACT recommendations.J Pain. 2008; 9: 771-783
- Likelihood-based item-fit indices for dichotomous item response theory models.Appl Psycholog Measurement. 2000; 24: 50-64
- Further examination of the performance of S-X2, an item fit index for dichotomous item response theory models.Appl Psycholog Measurement. 2003; 27: 289-298
- Assessment of chronic pain in children: Current status and emerging topics.Pain Res Manage. 2009; 14: 21-26
- Validation of a self-report questionnaire version of the Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI): The CALI-21.Pain. 2008; 139: 644-652
- Development and validation of the Child Activity Limitations Interview: A measure of pain-related functional impairment in school-age children and adolescents.Pain. 2004; 109: 461-470
- Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: Plans for the Patient-Report Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).Med Care. 2007; 45: S22-S31
- Graded response model.in: van der Linden W.J. Hambleton R.K. Handbook of Item Response Theory. Springer-Verlag, New York1997: 85-100
- Using effect sizes for research reporting: Examples using item response theory to analyze differential item functioning.Psycholog Methods. 2006; 11: 402-415
- Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents.Pain. 2006; 125: 143-157
- IRTLRDIF: Software for the computation of the statistics involved in item response theory likelihood-ratio tests for differential item functioning.L.L.Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC2001
- Item response theory for items scored in more than two categories.in: Thissen D. Wainer H. Test Scoring. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates., Mahwah, NJ2001: 141-186
- Detection of differential item functioning using the parameters of item response models.in: Holland P.W. Wainer H. Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ1993: 67-113
- The PedsQL™ in pediatric cancer pain: A prospective longitudinal analysis of pain and emotional distress.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004; 25: 1-8
- The PedsQL™ as a patient-reported outcome in children and adolescents with fibromyalgia: An analysis of OMERACT domains.Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2007; 5: 1-12
- Chronic pain and emotional distress in children and adolescents.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996; 17: 154-161
- The PedsQL™ in pediatric rheumatology: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Generic Core Scales and Rheumatology Module.Arthritis Rheum. 2002; 46: 714-725
- The Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire, I: Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.Pain. 1987; 28: 27-38
- Assessment and management of chronic and recurrent pain in children with chronic diseases.Pediatrician. 1989; 16: 56-63
- Development of the Waldron/Varni Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory.Pain. 1996; 67: 141-150
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional status in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: An empirical model.Pain. 1988; 32: 1-7
- Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years.Pain. 2007; 127: 140-150
- A typology of pain coping strategies in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain.Pain. 2008; 137: 266-275
- The use of focus groups in the development of the PROMIS pediatrics item bank.Qual Life Res. 2008; 17: 725-735
- Controlling error in multiple comparisons, with examples from state-to-state differences in educational achievement.J Educ Behav Stat. 1999; 24: 42-69
- Measurement properties of the Activities Scale for Kids.J Clin Epidemiol. 2000; 53: 125-137
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 02, 2010
Accepted:
February 10,
2010
Received in revised form:
February 9,
2010
Received:
October 14,
2009
Footnotes
Supported by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, Grant 1U01AR052181-01. Information on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) can be found at http://nihroadmap.nih.gov and http://www.nihpromis.org.
Identification
Copyright
© 2010 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
