Abstract
The concept of resilience is receiving increasing attention in the field of chronic
pain. It has been shown to play a protective role in patients with osteoarthritis,
fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this finding, no resilience measurements
have been validated in chronic pain populations. The Resilience Scale (RS) is a well-known
instrument that has been used to assess resilience in studies conducted in the general
population. When used in chronic pain samples, this scale presented the highest internal
consistency compared to other resilience scales. The main aim of this study was to
provide data on the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the RS in a sample
of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients (n = 300). Factor analyses revealed a single-factor
solution of 18 items (RS-18), which accounted for 52.43% of the total variance of
this scale. The RS-18 shows good reliability (internal consistency and stability)
and construct validity. This scale has the advantage of excluding items closely related
to functional disability and impairment. Furthermore, the RS-18 significantly correlated
with several pain-related variables (ie, catastrophizing, pain acceptance, active
and passive pain coping, anxiety, depression, pain-related anxiety, disability, functioning,
impairment, and pain intensity). Clinicians and researchers are thus provided with
a valid and reliable instrument to assess resilience in chronic pain populations.
Perspective
This article presents the first resilience questionnaire (RS-18) for chronic pain
patients. The instrument obtained shows good reliability and validity. The results
provide health-care professionals and researchers with a measure of resilience in
chronic pain patients that excludes items related to functional disability.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 15, 2012
Accepted:
August 14,
2012
Received in revised form:
July 4,
2012
Received:
January 10,
2012
Footnotes
This work was partly supported by a grant from the Andalusian County Council (Proyectos Excelencia Junta de Andalucía, P07-SEJ-3067) and a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PSI2008-01803/PSIC). Gema T. Ruiz-Párraga has received a grant from the Andalusian County Council (Junta de Andalucía, Proyectos Excelencia 2008-2012). This work has not received financial arrangements that may represent a possible conflict of interest.
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Copyright
© 2012 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
