Highlights
- •The total score on the newly derived 2-item PSEQ-2 is highly correlated with that of the original PSEQ and it has comparable, but weaker, psychometric properties.
- •In clinical or research settings where time is limited or there is a need for just an indication of pain self-efficacy beliefs, the PSEQ-2 is robust and should suffice.
- •If time is not so constrained and a more comprehensive and reliable assessment of pain-self-efficacy is sought, the full PSEQ is recommended.
Abstract
The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is an established 10-item measure of pain
self-efficacy that is widely used in clinical and research settings. However, a shorter
measure would reduce patient and researcher burden and save valuable time in busy
clinical settings. The aim of this study was to develop and confirm the psychometric
properties of a valid and reliable 2-item short form of the PSEQ (PSEQ-2). We used
a large sample of 1,418 chronic pain patients, which we randomly split into 2 smaller
groups. We identified the 2 short-form items in Sample 1 and confirmed their properties
in Sample 2. In order to identify the 2 items for the short-form measure, we selected
the first item based on the highest item-total correlation. The second item was identified
after a series of additional analyses. The 2 items identified from the PSEQ reflected
confidence in one's ability to work and lead a normal life despite pain. The PSEQ-2's
validity and internal consistency were found to be sound. Test-retest reliability,
sensitivity to change, and convergent validity were confirmed in a separate patient
sample (n = 140) that had recently completed an intervention designed, in part, to
modify self-efficacy beliefs. The PSEQ-2 appears to be a robust measure of pain self-efficacy.
Perspective
Pain self-efficacy is a belief in one's ability to carry out activities even when
in pain and is important in coping effectively with pain. A short measure of pain
self-efficacy was developed and evaluated. It appears to be suitable for use in clinical
and research settings.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 13, 2014
Accepted:
November 3,
2014
Received in revised form:
October 23,
2014
Received:
July 1,
2014
Footnotes
The authors have no conflicts to disclose in relation to this paper. Funding was provided for different parts of the data collection. Specifically, grants from the NSW Motor Accident Authority (Grant No. 02/844); National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia (Grant No. 402524). In addition, B.E.M.'s contribution was supported by the University of Sydney International Research Collaboration Award for 2013.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
