Advertisement
Original Report| Volume 16, ISSUE 12, P1243-1255, December 2015

Download started.

Ok

Qualitative Evaluation of Pediatric Pain Behavior, Quality, and Intensity Item Candidates and the PROMIS Pain Domain Framework in Children With Chronic Pain

Published:August 31, 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.007

      Highlights

      • PROMIS offers assessment options for multiple aspects of pain.
      • The authors qualitatively evaluated the PROMIS pain framework in pediatric pain patients.
      • The authors describe qualitative steps for crafting pain behavior and quality item candidates.
      • PROMIS domains capture reportable pain outcomes that matter to children with pain.
      • Pain coping warrants further study for item bank development.

      Abstract

      As initial steps in a broader effort to develop and test pediatric pain behavior and pain quality item banks for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), we used qualitative interview and item review methods to 1) evaluate the overall conceptual scope and content validity of the PROMIS pain domain framework among children with chronic/recurrent pain conditions, and 2) develop item candidates for further psychometric testing. To elicit the experiential and conceptual scope of pain outcomes across a variety of pediatric recurrent/chronic pain conditions, we conducted 32 semi-structured individual and 2 focus-group interviews with children and adolescents (8–17 years), and 32 individual and 2 focus-group interviews with parents of children with pain. Interviews with pain experts (10) explored the operational limits of pain measurement in children. For item bank development, we identified existing items from measures in the literature, grouped them by concept, removed redundancies, and modified the remaining items to match PROMIS formatting. New items were written as needed and cognitive debriefing was completed with the children and their parents, resulting in 98 pain behavior (47 self, 51 proxy), 54 quality, and 4 intensity items for further testing. Qualitative content analyses suggest that reportable pain outcomes that matter to children with pain are captured within and consistent with the pain domain framework in PROMIS.

      Perspective

      PROMIS pediatric pain behavior, quality, and intensity items were developed based on a theoretical framework of pain that was evaluated by multiple stakeholders in the measurement of pediatric pain, including researchers, clinicians, and children with pain and their parents, and the appropriateness of the framework was verified.

      Key words

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to The Journal of Pain
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Adib N.
        • Hyrich K.
        • Thornton J.
        • Lunt M.
        • Davidson J.
        • Gardner-Medwin J.
        • Foster H.
        • Baildam E.
        • Wedderburn L.
        • Thomson W.
        Association between duration of symptoms and severity of disease at first presentation to paediatric rheumatology: results from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study.
        Rheumatology. 2008; 47: 991-995
        • Amtmann D.
        • Cook K.F.
        • Jensen M.P.
        • Chen W.H.
        • Choi S.
        • Revicki D.
        • Cella D.
        • Rothrock N.
        • Keefe F.
        • Callahan L.
        • Lai J.S.
        Development of a PROMIS item bank to measure pain interference.
        Pain. 2010; 150: 173-182
        • Cella D.
        • Yount S.
        • Rothrock N.
        • Gershon R.
        • Cook K.
        • Reeve B.
        • Ader D.
        • Fries J.F.
        • Bruce B.
        • Rose M.
        The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first 2 years.
        Med Care. 2007; 45: S3-S11
        • DeWalt D.A.
        • Rothrock N.
        • Yount S.
        • Stone A.A.
        Evaluation of item candidates: the PROMIS qualitative item review.
        Med Care. 2007; 45: S12-S21
        • Forrest C.B.
        • Bevans K.B.
        • Tucker C.
        • Riley A.W.
        • Ravens-Sieberer U.
        • Gardner W.
        • Pajer K.
        Commentary: The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) for children and youth: application to pediatric psychology.
        J Pediatr Psychol. 2012; 37: 614-621
        • Guite J.W.
        • Logan D.E.
        • Sherry D.D.
        • Rose J.B.
        Adolescent self-perception: associations with chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional disability.
        J Pain. 2007; 8: 379-386
        • Irwin D.E.
        • Varni J.W.
        • Yeatts K.
        • DeWalt D.A.
        Cognitive interviewing methodology in the development of a pediatric item bank: a Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) study.
        Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7: 3
        • Lynch-Jordan A.M.
        • Kashikar-Zuck S.
        • Goldschneider K.R.
        Parent perceptions of adolescent pain expression: the adolescent pain behavior questionnaire.
        Pain. 2010; 151: 834-842
        • McGrath P.J.
        • Walco G.A.
        • Turk D.C.
        • Dworkin R.H.
        • Brown M.T.
        • Davidson K.
        • Eccleston C.
        • Finley G.A.
        • Goldschneider K.
        • Haverkos L.
        • Hertz S.H.
        • Ljungman G.
        • Palermo T.
        • Rappaport B.A.
        • Rhodes T.
        • Schechter N.
        • Scott J.
        • Sethna N.
        • Svensson O.K.
        • Stinson J.
        • von Baeyer C.L.
        • Walker L.
        • Weisman S.
        • White R.E.
        • Zajicek A.
        • Zeltzer L.
        Core outcome domains and measures for pediatric acute and chronic/recurrent pain clinical trials: PedIMMPACT recommendations.
        J Pain. 2008; 9: 771-783
        • Melzack R.
        The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods.
        Pain. 1975; 1: 277-299
      1. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Part III: Pain Terms, A Current List with Definitions and Notes on Usage (pp 209–214) Classification of Chronic Pain. 2nd ed. IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, IASP Press, Seattle, WA; 1994.

        • Reeve B.B.
        • Hays R.D.
        • Bjorner J.B.
        • Cook K.F.
        • Crane P.K.
        • Teresi J.A.
        • Thissen D.
        • Revicki D.A.
        • Weiss D.J.
        • Hambleton R.K.
        • Liu H.
        • Gershon R.
        • Reise S.P.
        • Lai J.S.
        • Cella D.
        Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: plans for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).
        Med Care. 2007; 45: S22-31
        • Revicki D.A.
        • Chen W.H.
        • Harnam N.
        • Cook K.F.
        • Amtmann D.
        • Callahan L.F.
        • Jensen M.P.
        • Keefe F.
        Development and psychometric analysis of the PROMIS pain behavior item bank.
        Pain. 2009; 146: 158-169
        • Saurenmann R.K.
        • Rose J.B.
        • Tyrrell P.
        • Feldman B.M.
        • Laxer R.M.
        • Schneider R.
        • Silverman E.D.
        Epidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a multiethnic cohort: ethnicity as a risk factor.
        Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56: 1974-1984
        • Varni J.W.
        • Stucky B.D.
        • Thissen D.
        • Dewitt E.M.
        • Irwin D.E.
        • Lai J.S.
        • Yeatts K.
        • DeWalt D.A.
        PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference Scale: an item response theory analysis of the pediatric pain item bank.
        J Pain. 2010; 11: 1109-1119
        • Varni J.W.
        • Thompson K.L.
        • Hanson V.
        The Varni Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire. 1. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid-arthritis.
        Pain. 1987; 28: 27-38
        • Wilkinson G.S.
        • Robertson G.J.
        Wide Range Achievement Test 4 Professional Manual.
        Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, FL2006
        • Willis G.B.
        Cognitive Interviewing: A Tool for Improving Questionnaire Design.
        Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA2005
        • Wong D.L.
        • Baker C.M.
        Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales.
        Pediatr Nurs. 1988; 14: 9-17