Highlights
- •The Brief Pain Inventory was assessed in residents without and with substituted missing values.
- •The final factor solution was computed for the sample with substituted values.
- •Psychometric properties, concurrent validity, and reliability support validity.
- •This tool might assist clinicians and researchers in nursing homes.
Abstract
The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) has been psychometrically evaluated worldwide in adult
patients with cancer-related and chronic pain in several languages, but never in nursing
home residents with chronic pain. To address this gap, we evaluated the validity of
a modified version of the BPI, the BPI for nursing home residents (BPI-NHR) in individuals
who resided in German nursing homes. One analytic sample included 137 nursing home
residents (mean age, 83.3 years; SD, 8.0 years) without any missing values. An extended
sample also included individuals with previous missing values that were substituted
with the personal mean (n = 163; mean age, 83.3 years; SD, 8.3 years). Principal axis
factoring with oblimin rotation was used to compute the final 2-factor solution for
the substituted sample. These factors explained 71.7% of the variance. Internal consistency
was calculated using Cronbach α, and showed excellent results. Concurrent validity
was tested using nonparametric correlation analyses of the BPI-NHR with the pain medication
scale. The present findings support the reliability and validity of the BPI-NHR for
very old nursing home residents. Further evaluation of this measure is needed to examine
face validity and the effect of multimorbidity on pain interference with function.
Perspective
In this article we present psychometric properties of the BPI originally developed
to assess cancer pain, extended to measure chronic nonmalignant pain in younger and
middle-aged patients, and now further developed to measure pain intensity and interference
with function among very old nursing home residents. Thus, the BPI-NHR might assist
clinicians and researchers interested in assessment of pain intensity and interference
in elderly individuals who reside in nursing homes.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 17, 2015
Accepted:
October 22,
2015
Received in revised form:
October 15,
2015
Received:
April 30,
2015
Footnotes
This project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (grant number 01ET1001A).
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
