Highlights
- •The Pain Resilience Scale (PRS) was examined in individuals reporting chronic pain.
- •Factor analyses confirmed 2-factor structure of the PRS.
- •There was convergent validity between the PRS and other pain-related measures.
- •The PRS was associated with employment, disability status, and treatments used.
- •Statistical models supported use of the PRS vis-à-vis general resilience.
Abstract
Psychosocial factors that protect against negative outcomes for individuals with chronic
pain have received increased attention in recent years. Pain resilience, or the ability
to maintain behavioral engagement and regulate emotions as well as cognitions despite
prolonged or intense pain, is one such factor. A measure of pain-specific resilience,
the Pain Resilience Scale, was previously identified as a better predictor of acute
pain tolerance than general resilience. The present study sought to validate this
measure in a chronic pain sample, while also furthering understanding of the role
of pain resilience compared with other protective factors. Participants with chronic
pain completed online questionnaires to assess factors related to positive pain outcomes,
pain vulnerability, pain intensity, and quality of life. A confirmatory factor analysis
confirmed the 2-factor structure of the Pain Resilience Scale previously observed
among respondents without chronic pain, although one item from each subscale was dropped
in the final version. For this chronic pain sample, structural equation modeling showed
that pain resilience contributes unique variance to a model including pain acceptance
and pain self-efficacy in predicting quality of life and pain intensity. Further,
pain resilience was a better fit in this model than general resilience, strengthening
the argument for assessing pain resilience over general resilience.
Perspective
A modified version of the Pain Resilience Scale retained the original factor structure
when tested in a chronic pain sample. Construct validity was supported by expected
relationships with pain-related protective and vulnerability measures. Further, a
model including positive pain constructs showed that pain resilience accounts for
unique variability when predicting quality of life and pain intensity.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 18, 2017
Accepted:
March 28,
2017
Received in revised form:
March 23,
2017
Received:
December 19,
2016
Footnotes
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Supplementary data accompanying this article are available online at www.jpain.org and www.sciencedirect.com.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Pain Society
