Highlights
- •Anterior subdivision of area 3a subserves nociception and generation of secondary/slow pain.
- •Under extreme conditions area 3a can partially lose inhibition and become hyperactive.
- •Abnormal hyperactivity of nociceptive area 3a likely promotes some pain disorders.
- •Such disorders can be alleviated by permanent or temporary inactivation of area 3a.
- •Alternatively, hyperactive 3a might be treated by restoring its inhibitory mechanisms.
Abstract
Traditionally, cytoarchitectonic area 3a of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) has
been regarded as a proprioceptive relay to motor cortex. However, neuronal spike-train
recordings and optical intrinsic signal imaging, obtained from nonhuman sensorimotor
cortex, show that neuronal activity in some of the cortical columns in area 3a can
be readily triggered by a C-nociceptor afferent drive. These findings indicate that
area 3a is a critical link in cerebral cortical encoding of secondary/slow pain. Also,
area 3a contributes to abnormal pain processing in the presence of activity-dependent
reversal of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor-mediated inhibition. Accordingly, abnormal
processing within area 3a may contribute mechanistically to generation of clinical
pain conditions.
Perspective
Optical imaging and neurophysiological mapping of area 3a of SI has revealed substantial
driving from unmyelinated cutaneous nociceptors, complementing input to areas 3b and
1 of SI from myelinated nociceptors and non-nociceptors. These and related findings
force a reconsideration of mechanisms for SI processing of pain.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 15, 2018
Footnotes
Supported by the National Institutes of Health, grant numbers 1R21NS078619 and 1R21NS091661.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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© 2018 by the American Pain Society
