Highlights
- •Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated ropivacaine is continuously released in vitro for at least 6 days.
- •PLGA-coated ropivacaine abolishes postoperative pain.
- •PLGA-coated ropivacaine leads to a long-lasting analgesia in neuropathic pain.
- •PLGA-coated ropivacaine does not produce marked toxicity and inflammation.
Abstract
Perspective
Key Words
Methods
Preparation and Characterization of RVC•HCl Microparticles
Materials
Preparation of RVC•HCl-Loaded PLGA Microparticles
RVC•HCl Loading on PLGA Microparticles
Ropivacaine Nanoparticle Preparation
Microparticles Size and Surface Morphology Analysis
In Vitro Drug Release Study
Animal Experiments
Animal Preparation
Perisciatic Nerve Injection
Incisional Pain Model
Spared Nerve Injury Model
Behavioral Analysis
Locomotor Function Test
Morphological/Biochemical Experiments
Electron Microscopy
Immunohistochemistry
- Wes PD
- Easton A
- Corradi J
- Barten DM
- Devidze N
- DeCarr LB
- Truong A
- He A
- Barrezueta NX
- Polson C
- Bourin C
- Flynn ME
- Keenan S
- Lidge R
- Meredith J
- Natale J
- Sankaranarayanan S
- Cadelina GW
- Albright CF
- Cacace AM
TdT-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling and Cresyl Violet Histochemical Staining
Western Blot Analysis
Plasma Samples Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Results
Preparation and Characterization of RVC•HCl Microparticles

Effect of Perisciatic Nerve Injection of SRR on Postsurgical Pain


Drug Concentrations Microparticle Size | 12 ± 2.4 mg/μL (Stock Solution) | 5 mg/mL | 2.5 mg/mL | 1.25 mg/mL | .6 mg/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<2 μm | Not injectable | Injectable | Injectable | Injectable | Injectable |
>2 μm | Not injectable | Not injectable | Not injectable | Not injectable | Injectable |

Effect of Perisciatic Nerve Injection of SRR on Neuropathic Pain


Safety of SRR
2 h | 4 h | 12 h | 11 d | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | Placing | Grasping | Righting | Placing | Grasping | Righting | Placing | Grasping | Righting | Placing | Grasping | Righting |
.25% SRR + incision | 5 (0) | 3.75 (.82) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 4.75 (.25) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
.25% SRR + incision | 5 (0) | 3.75 (.82) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
.06% SRR + incision | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
PLGA + incision | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
.25% RVC + incision | 5 (0) | 4.38 (.63) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
Vehicle + incision | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
7 d (Before SRR or Vehicle Injection) | 8 d | 22 d | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | Placing | Grasping | Righting | Placing | Grasping | Righting | Placing | Grasping | Righting |
.25% SRR + SNI | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
.125% SRR + SNI | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
.06% SRR + SNI | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
Vehicle + SNI | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |


Discussion
Authors' Contributions
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Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
X.T. and H.Z. contributed equally to this work.
Disclosures: This work was supported by Rutgers New Jersey Medical School start-up fund to Y.X.T., by New Jersey Health Foundation (PC102-17, ISFP 18-19, and PC25-18), and American Heart Association (19AIREA34380849) to X.X., and by National Institutes of Health Grant (1UL1TR003017-01) to Y.X.T. and X.X.
Conflicts of interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
All data have not been published and this manuscript is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
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